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Energy harvesting brings a key solution to the increasing energy bill and environmental concerns but, at the same time, potential energy shortage may deteriorate the network availability. In this paper, we analyze the performance of off-grid small-cell base stations (scBS) with finite battery capacity and design a new power-availability-aware cell association based on periodical broadcast of the scBS battery level. Each mobile terminal (MT) targets its own set of available scBSs before association, i.e., the set of scBSs that can guarantee service provided 1) the scBS battery level; 2) the power required to satisfy a received power constraint at each MT, given the scBS-MT distance and the shadowing attenuation; and 3) the estimated power consumed to serve other MTs potentially associated to the same scBS, which is computed using stochastic geometry tools. Next, we develop for it a tractable performance analysis and derive closed-form expressions for the probability of power outage and the coverage probability. By dynamically adapting to the fluctuations of the base station battery and the MT received power requirement, the proposed cell association allows a more even distribution of the available energy in the network, brings robustness against harvesting impairment and thereby, significantly outperforms conventional strategies. ; Grant numbers : This work was supported in part by the Catalan Government 2014-SGR-1551, CellFive (TEC2014-60130-P).© 2017 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.

Europe is investing significant resources in research and technology development of 5G networks through the 5G Private Public Partnership (5G PPP). In addition to various scientific and technological topics, the effort focuses on societal and business challenges creating value with 5G networks. This white paper discusses 5G ecosystems as a prerequisite for value creation for and by the engaged stakeholders and return of investment as a potential award for the engagement. A clear identification of 5G stakeholders supports the creation and evolution of the 5G ecosystems by characterising the potential role that each actor can assume. The identified stakeholder groups include 5G industry and research organisations, vertical sectors' firms, complementor firms, as well as organisations and associations of providers and consumers active in the value network representing the interests of a larger collection of firms and organisations. Those stakeholder groups include both small and medium enterprises (SME) and larger companies, and whenever relevant academic institutions. In addition, standards organisations, open-source organisation and policy makers are an inherent part of the 5G ecosystems, as are governmental agencies at regional, national and European level that support the creation of value in the 5G ecosystems though funding or procurement of innovations. In general, an ecosystem is a complex network of interacting cross-industry actors who work together and are dependent on each other to define, build and deliver value creating customer solutions. The depth and breadth of potential collaborations among actors defines the ecosystem with each actor delivering a piece of the solution or a contribution to the strength of the ecosystem. The power of the ecosystem comes from the fact that no single actor needs to own or operate all components of a solution, with the value of the ecosystem being greater than the combined value of each actor. A 5G ecosystem can be decomposed into two main aspects: (a) the network ...